In Australia, energy crunch prompts a heated debate on going nuclear
Mudgee, New South Wales, Australia – The Mount Piper coal-fired power station sits just 25km (15 miles) to the west of one of Australia’s most scenic natural landscapes, Blue Mountains National Park, known for its spectacular eucalyptus-covered canyons, sandstone cliffs and waterfalls. The facility, set in hilly, drought-prone grazing country, is one of seven sites where conservative opposition leader Peter Dutton plans to build Australia’s first nuclear energy power stations should his Liberal and National Party coalition win next year’s federal election. Dutton has argued that the current centre-left Labor Party government will not be able to reach its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 43 percent below 2005 levels by 2030 with renewables such as wind and solar alone. “I want to make sure that the Australian public understands today that we have a vision for our country to deliver cleaner electricity, cheaper electricity and consistent electricity,” Dutton told reporters last month. For many Australians, Dutton’s proposals lit a match under a discussion they had assumed was put to bed decades ago. In 1998, a previous conservative government banned nuclear power in favour of coal, a commodity that remains Australia’s second most valuable export after iron ore – the fuel last year made up 15 percent of total exports, worth some 102 billion Australian dollars ($68bn). But since 2006, conservative parties have periodically called for a new debate on the nuclear question – although never seriously while last in power between 2013-2022. Under the current government’s plans, Australia is one of the few major economies not using, or planning to use, nuclear energy to provide guaranteed power to underpin renewable sources like solar and wind. In Blue Mountains communities such as Lithgow, a gentrifying town that once hosted more than a dozen coal mines, the nuclear proposals have prompted mixed reactions. Larissa Edwards, one of a growing number of “tree changers” who have relocated to Lithgow to escape city life, said she was horrified when she learned of the plans. “I came because it’s a beautiful and special part of the world,” Edwards told Al Jazeera. “I was gobsmacked really. It’s an obvious spot for Dutton’s plan, which he had signalled to some degree. But as the whole area is moving to renewables, I was still shocked,” she said. “I don’t think it’s the right solution for the energy crisis, nor for the climate crisis that we’re in.” Australia’s opposition leader has proposed nuclear power as a solution to the country’s energy challenges [Peter Dutton Gray/AFP] However, coal miners in Lithgow who spoke to Al Jazeera on condition of anonymity expressed hope that a nuclear facility would bring new jobs for the next generation following the closure of all but three of the town’s mines. While there is a divide between those who prioritise the economy versus the environment, there is widespread dismay about the lack of consultation ahead of the announcement, or a detailed estimate of costs expected to be in the billions of dollars. “The polling I have carried out so far is on the ground in the Lithgow area and from what I can tell, there is already strong division between those supporting a reactor and those opposing it, with a heap of people in the middle asking for more details and information,” Andrew Gee, an independent MP who represents the region, told Al Jazeera. “The community can’t be expected to make an informed choice on this issue if there’s no consultation and the community simply doesn’t have the facts. Its leaders can’t be expected to either.” The governments of the affected states in Australia’s federated model have given Dutton’s nuclear plans a resounding “no”. Three of the five states with sites in the plan – New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland – have bans on the construction of nuclear facilities. In a further obstacle, the proposed sites are privately owned and, in most cases, have prior commitments for renewables projects. “It’s clearly got a fundamentally political objective, which is to differentiate the opposition on energy policy, and has been successful so far in that the government hasn’t yet worked out what its reaction should be,” Tony Wood, the director of the energy program at the Grattan Institute think tank, told Al Jazeera. The chosen sites all host ageing coal-fired electricity plants, which the incumbent government has promised to phase out as quickly as possible. On an optimistic timetable, nuclear energy would take at least 10-15 years to come online. Critics see the policy as aimed at propping up members of Dutton’s coalition in electorates where communities are anxious about the economic impact of the transition away from coal, as well as leveraging a backlash in regional areas against what many rural residents see as unsightly renewables projects. At the heart of the debate are questions about the economic viability of renewables as Australia transitions to net-zero emissions by 2050, a commitment supported by both major parties. While policymakers are tasked with finding the most effective solutions for the nation’s energy grid, they must also take heed of Australian voters’ sensitivity to rising power bills. Australia’s energy demand is forecast to double by 2050, according to a report released last month by the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). Its key message was to speed up the rollout of renewables. “This doesn’t do anything for the cost of living. It could even make it worse, because it creates uncertainty,” the Grattan Institute’s Wood said of the nuclear proposals. Other critics have expressed concern about the lack of any plan for nuclear waste. “I am concerned about how things are going to be transported through the area and I’m concerned about the storage of waste and the impact that that would potentially have on an area that’s so close to our World Heritage environment,” Lithgow resident Edwards said. Such fears have been compounded politically by the fact that Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has yet to say where waste from Australia’s planned fleet of nuclear submarines, the
Japan, Philippines sign defence pact with eyes on China
Agreement comes as Manila and Tokyo share concerns about Beijing’s growing assertiveness in the region. Japan and the Philippines have signed a defence pact allowing the deployment of troops on each other’s soil amid shared concerns over China’s growing military power. Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Yoko Kamikawa and Philippine Secretary of National Defense Gilberto Teodoro signed the Reciprocal Access Agreement on Monday during a ceremony in Manila. Under the agreement, Japanese forces will be able to deploy in the Philippines for joint military exercises and Filipino forces will be able to carry out combat training in Japan. The pact will need to be ratified by both countries’ legislatures to come into effect. The agreement comes as Japan and the Philippines, both long-standing allies of the United States, are wary of China’s growing assertiveness in the region. Beijing has laid claim to more than 90 percent of the South China Sea, including waters that lie within the exclusive economic zones of the Philippines and four other Southeast Asian countries. An international tribunal at the Hague in 2016 found that Beijing’s claims had “no legal basis”. China and the Philippines’s coast guards and navies have been involved in numerous confrontations in the disputed waters, including an incident last month during which Chinese coast guard personnel wielding knives and spears used motorboats to ram two Philippine navy supply vessels. Japan has a longstanding territorial dispute with China over the Senkaku Islands located between Taiwan and Okinawa. Under Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, Tokyo has sought to boost its military firepower, including through reciprocal access agreements with Australia and the United Kingdom. Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr has forcefully denounced China’s actions in the South China Sea and warned that his country would consider the death of any Filipino at its hands as close to “an act of war”. Manila has longstanding defence pacts with Australia and the US and is exploring a similar agreement with France. In April, the leaders of the US, Japan, and the Philippines held their first trilateral summit in Washington, DC as part of efforts to boost military cooperation between the sides. The summit came on the heels of joint military drills in the South China Sea that also included Australia. Adblock test (Why?)
Dozens killed across Gaza as Israel’s war enters 10th month
At least 27 Palestinians have been killed in Israeli strikes across Gaza, marking another grim day as the war on the besieged territory enters its 10th month. One of the attacks since dawn on Sunday targeted a school sheltering displaced people west of Gaza city, killing at least four Palestinians. In central Gaza, the Israeli army struck a residential building in the al-Zawayda area, killing six people. The Palestine Red Crescent Society said the dead included two children. The killings came a day after the targeting of a United Nations-run school for displaced Palestinians, in which at least 16 people were killed and dozens wounded. Paramedics said six other Palestinians were killed in a strike on another house in Gaza City. Israeli jets also targeted a group of civilians on the city’s Street 8 in the Sabra neighbourhood, killing at least two people, according to the Wafa news agency. The Israeli military said it attacked a Khan Younis municipality building in southern Gaza overnight, claiming it was used by Hamas for “military activity”. There were no immediate details on the casualties in the Khan Younis attack. Hamas denies allegations that its fighters seek shelter in civilian areas, including schools and hospitals. Gaza residents search the rubble of a house in central Gaza’s al-Zawayda early on Sunday [Eyad Baba/AFP] Meanwhile, the total death toll from the Israeli attacks on Gaza since October 7 has reached 38,153, the territory’s health ministry said on Sunday. The war has uprooted 90 percent of Gaza’s population, left almost 500,000 people enduring “catastrophic” hunger and shuttered most hospitals, United Nations agencies say. The increasing casualties have overwhelmed Gaza’s largest remaining health facility, the Al-Aqsa Hospital, which is already filled with the wounded from the relentless Israeli strikes. “The situation is very difficult,” said Dr Muhammad Salha, acting director of Al-Awda Hospital in Jabalia. Fresh diplomatic efforts The barrage of deadly strikes came amid fresh diplomatic efforts by mediators from the United States, Qatar and Egypt to halt the nine months of violence. Egypt’s Al Qahera News reported that Cairo was “hosting Israeli and American delegations to discuss the outstanding points” for a ceasefire and hostage-release deal, citing an unnamed high-level official source. Mediators were in contact with Hamas amid “intensive Egyptian meetings this week with all parties to push efforts” for a truce, said the news report late on Saturday, without giving further details. Israel also said it would send a delegation in the coming days for talks with Qatari mediators, even as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s spokesman on Friday said “gaps” remained with Hamas on the ceasefire negotiations. In May, United States President Joe Biden had announced a plan that included an initial six-week truce and the exchange of hostages for Palestinian prisoners. Talks subsequently stalled, but a US official on Thursday said a new proposal from Hamas “moves the process forward and may provide the basis for closing the deal”. Senior Hamas official Osama Hamdan told AFP news agency that the group’s new ideas had been “conveyed by the mediators to the American side, which welcomed them and passed them on to the Israeli side”, adding that “now the ball is in the Israeli court”. Israel and Lebanon’s Hezbollah group have also exchanged almost daily cross-border fire since October last year, with the attacks and rhetoric escalating over the past month, sparking fears of a full-scale war. Early on Sunday, air raid sirens again sounded across northern Israel and its army reported that 20 rockets were fired, some of them intercepted by air defence systems. Meanwhile, protesters returned to the streets across Israel on Sunday to pressure the Netanyahu government to reach an accord to bring back hostages still being held in Gaza. The protesters blocked rush-hour traffic at major intersections across the country, picketed politicians’ houses and briefly set fire to tyres on the main Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway before police cleared the way. Adblock test (Why?)
The International Criminal Court: Fit for purpose?
People and Power asks whether the ICC, established to investigate and try those accused of the world’s worst crimes, is capable of fulfilling its role. The International Criminal Court (ICC), established in 2002, seeks to hold to account those guilty of some of the world’s worst crimes. Supporters say it deters would-be war criminals, bolsters the rule of law, and offers justice to victims of atrocities. But it has only had 11 successful convictions in nearly a quarter of a century, having spent nearly $2bn. The United States, China, and Russia are not its members, and many African governments say its prosecutions single out Africa. Now, as the world waits to see if the ICC will issue arrest warrants for the leaders of Israel and Hamas, we ask whether the court is fit for purpose. Adblock test (Why?)
Pope says democracy ‘not in good health’ as he warns against populists
At an event in northeast Italy, Pope Francis says a ‘crisis of democracy’ is having an impact on several nations around the world. Pope Francis has decried the state of democracy and warned against “populists” during a short visit to Trieste in northeast Italy. Speaking at an annual Roman Catholic Church convention on social affairs on Sunday, Francis noted that many people felt excluded from democracy, with the poor and the weak left to fend for themselves. “It is evident that democracy is not in good health in today’s world,” he said, denouncing polarisation and partisanship. “Ideologies are seductive. Some people compare them to the Pied Piper of Hamelin. They seduce you, but they lead you to deny yourself,” he said, referring to a fairy tale where a rat catcher uses his magic powers to steal away a town’s children. He said the “crisis of democracy” afflicted various nations, but did not give any specific examples. Ahead of last month’s European Parliament elections, Catholic bishops in several countries also warned about the rise of populism and nationalism, with far-right parties already holding the reins to power in Italy, Hungary and the Netherlands. The pope’s speech came on the day France holds a parliamentary run-off election, with the far-right National Rally (RN) expected to take the biggest share of the vote, a month after populist parties scored gains in European Union elections. Francis urged people to “move away from polarisations that impoverish” and hit out at “self-referential power”. “Let us not be deceived by easy solutions. Let us instead be passionate about the common good,” the pope said, highlighting the damage caused by political “corruption and illegality”. The pope, who himself rules as an absolute monarch in the tiny Vatican state, said it was also important to teach children the importance of democratic values, warning that “indifference is a cancer of democracy”. “I am concerned about the small number of people who went to vote. Why is it happening?” he asked. Pope Francis concluded his visit to Trieste with a mass in front of some 8,500 worshippers in the city’s main public square before heading back to the Vatican in the early afternoon. As is now normal, the 87-year-old pontiff got around the region mainly by wheelchair and appeared in good form. In September, he is due to fly more than 32,000km (19,900 miles) on a 12-day journey around Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Singapore – the longest of his 11-year papacy. [embedded content] Adblock test (Why?)
Tennis: Iga Swiatek defeated by Putintseva in the third round at Wimbledon
The world’s top-ranked female player continued her grasscourt nightmare at Wimbledon, losing in three sets to Yulia Putintseva. Iga Swiatek has never had much affection for grass and any hope that this year’s Wimbledon would kindle a blossoming love affair for the surface went up in flames as the world number one was sent tumbling out in a 3-6 6-1 6-2 defeat by Yulia Putintseva. On paper, the fiery 35th-ranked Kazakh should have been easy pickings for the top-seeded Swiatek on Saturday, who had not dropped a set in their previous four meetings and came into the encounter on a 21-match winning streak that included banking a fifth grand slam title at the French Open. Yet slick grass courts just do not suit Swiatek and in a cauldron atmosphere on Court One, Swiatek disintegrated under huge pressure from Putintseva, who dusted herself down after losing the first set to launch an attacking barrage that the Pole could not contain. The huge Swiatek groundstrokes that had inflicted so much punishment in the opener were now being returned with interest, while the Pole’s movement seemed suddenly sluggish, her feet a fraction of a second slower to adjust to the ball. Putintseva broke twice in the second set and twice more in the third before sealing a three-set victory to set up a fourth-round clash against Jelena Ostapenko. For Swiatek, it was yet another disappointment at Wimbledon, where last year’s run to the quarterfinals remains her best effort. It was not, therefore, as big a shock as it may have seemed. None of her 22 singles titles has come on grass, a surface on which she has never even reached a final. Another year of disappointment at Wimbledon for Iga Swiatek. Yulia Putintseva of Kazakhstan shakes hands after defeating Swiatek, right, in their third-round match on day six of The Championships at All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club [Susan Mullane/USA TODAY Sports] Adblock test (Why?)
Will Iran’s new president fulfil his promises?
Massoud Pezeskhian has promised to bring changes at home and engage leaders abroad. Iran has elected a new president. Masoud Pezeshkian has been described by many as a moderate candidate – who’s been promising social reforms and engagement with the West. But in the Iranian system, it is the supreme leader – not the president – who has the final say. So, will Pezeshkian’s election bring any shift in policy? And how will he deal with the many economic and political challenges facing Iran? Presenter: Dareen Abughaida Guests: Foad Izadi – Head of the American Studies Department at the University of Tehran and a specialist in US-Iran-related issues Roxane Farmanfarmaian – Lecturer in modern Middle East politics at the University of Cambridge and specialist in Middle East security Mehran Kamrava – Professor of government at Georgetown University in Qatar Adblock test (Why?)
Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso military leaders sign new pact, rebuff ECOWAS
The military leaders of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have hailed a newly signed treaty as a step “towards greater integration” between the three countries, in the latest showing of their shift away from traditional regional and Western allies. During a summit in the Nigerien capital of Niamey on Saturday, the three leaders signed a confederation treaty that aims to strengthen a mutual defence pact announced last year, the Alliance of Sahel States (AES). The signing capped the first joint summit of the leaders – Niger’s General Abdourahmane Tchiani, Burkina Faso’s Captain Ibrahim Traore, and Mali’s Colonel Assimi Goita – since they came to power in successive coups in their bordering West African nations. It also came just months after the three countries withdrew from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) regional bloc in January. Speaking at the summit on Saturday, Tchiani called the 50-year-old ECOWAS “a threat to our states”. The West African economic bloc had suspended the three countries after their respective military takeovers, which occurred in July 2023 in Niger, September 2022 in Burkina Faso and August 2021 in Mali. ECOWAS also imposed sanctions on Niger and Mali, but the bloc’s leaders have held out hope for the trio’s eventual return. “We are going to create an AES of the peoples, instead of an ECOWAS whose directives and instructions are dictated to it by powers that are foreign to Africa,” Tchiani said. Burkina Faso’s Traore also accused foreign powers of seeking to exploit the countries. The three nations have regularly accused former colonial ruler France of meddling in ECOWAS. “Westerners consider that we belong to them and our wealth also belongs to them. They think that they are the ones who must continue to tell us what is good for our states,” he said. “This era is gone forever. Our resources will remain for us and our population’s.” For his part, Mali’s Goita said the strengthened relationship means an “attack on one of us will be an attack on all the other members”. Shifting influence Reporting from Abuja on Saturday, Al Jazeera’s Ahmed Idris noted that the three military leaders met just a day before ECOWAS was set to have a meeting in the capital of Nigeria. Efforts to mediate the countries’ return to the bloc were expected to be discussed, Idris said. “Many people believe that the meeting in Niger was to counter whatever is coming [from] ECOWAS and to also outline their position: That they are not returning to the Economic Community of the West African States,” he explained. Idris added the newly elected president of Senegal, Bassirou Diomaye Faye, recently visited the three countries in an informal capacity in an effort to mend the ties. “However, it’s not clear whether or not he’s got a positive response,” he said. Adama Gaye, a political commentator and former ECOWAS communications director, said the creation of the three-member Alliance of Sahel States has “weakened” the economic bloc. Still, Gaye told Al Jazeera that “despite its real-name recognition, ECOWAS has not performed well when it comes to achieving regional integration, promoting intra-African trade in West Africa and also in ensuring security” in the region. “So this justifies the feeling of many in West Africa – [the] ordinary citizenry and even intellectuals – [who are] asking questions about the standing of ECOWAS, whether it should be revised, reinvented,” he said, urging the bloc to engage in diplomacy to try to bridge the rift. Violence and instability The Niamey summit also came a day before the United States is set to complete its withdrawal from a key base in Niger, underscoring how the new military leaders have redrawn security relations that had defined the region in recent years. Armed groups linked to al-Qaeda and ISIL (ISIS) have jockeyed for control of territory in all three countries, unleashing waves of violence and spurring concern in Western capitals. But following the recent coups, the countries’ ties to Western governments have frayed. French troops completed their withdrawal from Mali in 2022, and they left Niger and Burkina Faso last year. Meanwhile, US Air Force Major General Kenneth Ekman said earlier this week that about 1,000 military personnel would complete their withdrawal from Niger’s Air Base 101 by Sunday. The US is also in the process of leaving a separate, $100m drone base near Agadez in central Niger, which officials have described as essential to gathering intelligence about armed groups in the region. While pushing out former Western allies, the military leaders in Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali have increasingly pursued security and economic ties with Russia. However, it remains unclear if the new approach has helped to stem the violence that has plagued the countries, which are home to about 72 million people. In 2023, Burkina Faso saw a massive escalation in violence, with more than 8,000 people killed, according to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) tracker. In Niger, slight gains against armed groups largely backslid following the coup, according to ACLED. Meanwhile, an offensive by Malian forces and Wagner mercenaries saw “elements” of the Russian-government-linked group “involved in the indiscriminate killing of hundreds of civilians, destruction of infrastructure, and looting of property, as well as triggering mass displacement”, ACLED said. About three million people have been displaced by fighting across the countries. Adblock test (Why?)
Keir Starmer says scrapping UK’s Rwanda migrant deportation plan
Previous Conservative government’s policy was ‘never a deterrent’, new PM says, calling it ‘dead and buried’. British Prime Minister Keir Starmer says he will not continue with the previous Conservative government’s policy to deport asylum seekers to Rwanda. “The Rwanda scheme was dead and buried before it started. It’s never been a deterrent,” Starmer told his first news conference on Saturday, after his Labour Party won a landslide in the general election. “I’m not prepared to continue with gimmicks that don’t act as a deterrent,” he told reporters after a cabinet meeting, describing the plan as a “problem that we are inheriting”. Parliament approved the contentious law in April, declaring Rwanda a safe third country, which bypassed an earlier UK Supreme Court ruling that said the scheme was unlawful on human rights grounds. The authorities started detaining asylum seekers in May. Then-Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, who promised to stop migrants and asylum seekers arriving on small boats from mainland Europe, had pushed for the policy. Rights activists and critics of Sunak’s government had slammed the plan to deport people to Rwanda rather than handle asylum claims at home as inhumane. They raised concerns about the East African country’s own human rights record and said asylum seekers faced the risk of being sent back to countries where they would be in danger. But when faced with opposition in parliament, Sunak said in April, “No ifs, no buts. These flights are going to Rwanda.” Tens of thousands of asylum seekers – many fleeing wars and poverty in Africa, the Middle East and Asia – have reached Britain in recent years by crossing the English Channel in small boats on risky journeys organised by people-smuggling gangs. During his Saturday news conference, Starmer said the Rwanda scheme was widely expected to fail. “Everyone has worked out, particularly the gangs that run this, that the chance of ever going to Rwanda was so slim – less than 1 percent,” he told reporters. “The chances were of not going, and not being processed, and staying here therefore in paid-for accommodation for a very, very long time.” Agnes Callamard, secretary-general of Amnesty International, had called on the new Labour government to follow through on its campaign promise to scrap the Rwanda pact. “Our asylum system must be made to focus on delivering as fairly and efficiently as possible the security and certainty to which every refugee is entitled however they may arrive,” Callamard wrote in a social media post. That, she added, is “just as demanded by our international obligations, the rule of law and basic respect for every human person”. But Suella Braverman, a Conservative hardliner on immigration who is a possible contender to replace Sunak as party leader, criticised Starmer’s plan. “Years of hard work, acts of Parliament, millions of pounds been spent on a scheme which had it been delivered properly would have worked,” she said on Saturday. “There are big problems on the horizon which will be, I’m afraid, caused by Keir Starmer.” With a record number of people coming ashore to the United Kingdom in the first six months of the year, it is also unclear what Starmer will do differently to tackle the migration crisis. Tim Bale, a professor of politics at Queen Mary University of London, told The Associated Press news agency that the Labour government is going to need to find a solution to the small boats coming across the English Channel. “It’s going to have to come up with other solutions to deal with that particular problem.” Meanwhile, reporting from London on Saturday afternoon, Al Jazeera’s Rory Challands said that apart from the Rwanda policy announcement, it remains unclear what Starmer’s Labour government is going to look like. “There was a lot of talk about change that the government is going to bring to British life and British politics,” said Challands, referring to the news conference. “His main theme is that the years of Conservative tumult are done,” Challands added. “And for the first time in a long time, the country is going to be treated first by the government in power, rather than the party that it comes from.” Adblock test (Why?)
The EU’s support for Israel makes it complicit in genocide
It has been nine months since the start of Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza, which has killed more than 38,000 Palestinians, injured more than 86,000, and displaced more than 1.9 million. Despite frequent words of condemnation, European leaders have done little to stop it. Worse still, many European countries continue to stand by Israel economically and militarily. As the United States is considered the biggest backer of the Israeli war machine, it is easy to discount European support. A closer look at the extent of European financial and military assistance for Israel, however, lays bare the EU’s complicity in the continuing genocide in Gaza and various atrocities in the occupied West Bank. Supplying arms used for genocide The EU is the second-largest arms supplier to Israel after the US. According to figures from the European External Action Service’s COARM database, between 2018 and 2022, EU member states sold arms worth 1.76 billion euros ($1.9bn) to Israel. Arms have continued to flow from EU countries to Israel even after the International Court of Justice made an interim ruling in January that the Israeli army was plausibly committing genocide. The EU has a system in place to implement arms embargoes but has refused to apply to Israel, leaving member states to slowly implement measures under pressure from civil society with scant political will to do so and falling far short of what is required. Some EU countries including Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Belgium’s Wallonia region, have announced that they would suspend arms transfers to Israel, but some of these statements were not followed up with timely concrete actions, or when they were, these amounted to temporary or partial arms transfer suspensions, which fell far short of a full arms embargo on Israel. According to SIPRI, Germany is by far the largest European supplier, providing Israel with 30 percent of its weapons between 2019 and 2023. Exports increased tenfold last year from 32.3 million euros ($35m) to 326.5 million euros ($354m) with the majority of licences granted after October 7. According to EU data, between 2018 and 2022 there were other large European suppliers to Israel. These included Romania which issued export licences worth 314.9 million euro, Italy – with 90.30 million euros ($98m), the Czech Republic – with 81.55 million euros ($88.3m) and Spain – with 62.9 million euros ($68.1m). The EU has not yet released data for arms transfers for 2023. Beyond supplying Israel directly, EU arms are often indirectly exported to Israel via the US. Although arms exports are subject to end-user agreements, the US refuses to comply with this stipulation and EU countries don’t enforce it. This makes it impossible to track the full extent to which EU arms and components exported to the US eventually end up in weapons systems shipped to Israel. Nevertheless, known EU military exports to Israel can be directly connected to the genocide in Gaza. Israeli’s Merkava tanks, operating in Gaza since the ground invasion began in late October, are using engine components manufactured by German company MTU (a subsidiary of Rolls Royce), while Sa’ar corvettes, warships built by German company ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, have been active in the waters surrounding the besieged strip. British company BAE Systems, in conjunction with German company Rheinmetall, manufactures M109 self-propelled howitzers which have been used to shell densely populated areas in Gaza. Amnesty International has found evidence that these artillery weapons also deployed white phosphorus munitions, which can burn skin down to the bone and cause organ dysfunction; their use in civilian areas is restricted under international law. US-manufactured F-35 fighter jets used to carpet-bomb Gaza rely on European components with at least 25 percent of spare parts being exported directly to Israel from Europe. Only the Netherlands has placed restrictions on these following a legal case taken by civil society organisations, which was won on appeal. European public money for Israeli arms European countries not only export weapons to Israel amid growing international consensus that Israel is carrying out genocide in Gaza, but they are also spending public money to support the arms manufacturers that produce them. New research by the Transnational Institute and Stop Wapenhandel reveals that European taxpayers’ money to the tune of 426 million euros ($461.7m) is currently funding companies that arm Israel. German company Rheinmetall, which sends tank shells to Israel, has received over 169 million euros ($183m) while Finnish-Norwegian company Nammo, whose shoulder-fired “bunker buster” rocket launchers are exported to Israel has received more than 123 million euros ($133m). Other beneficiaries include Leonardo, ThyssenKrupp, Rolls Royce, BAE Systems, and Renk. European public money is also going into financing security and defence projects that benefit Israel’s war machine. Since 2008, 84 Israeli entities have received 69.39 million euros ($75m) from a total of 132 security projects. The Ministry of National Security has participated in the most EU-funded security projects, despite systematically violating the human rights of Palestinians for decades. In addition, much of the knowledge production that has been used in the development of Israel’s digital war tools currently deployed in Gaza was likely honed and perfected in universities benefitting from European research funding. Since October 7, the EU has granted 126 million euros ($136.5m) in funding to 130 research projects involving Israeli entities. Of these projects, two are providing a total of 640,000 euros ($693,000) to arms company Israel Aerospace Industries. In the years preceding October 7, 2023, Israeli entities received 503 million euros ($545m) under Horizon Europe (2021-2023). In addition, EU countries have been spending taxpayers’ money on Israeli arms for decades, thus supporting its military-industrial complex. Israel is among the world’s top 10 arms exporters, with roughly 25 percent of its defence exports going to European countries. Israeli companies regularly market their products as “battle-tested”, a strategy that is legitimised by EU countries when they do business with them. Drones are by far the most popular product and the EU’s border guard agency Frontex leases them from Elbit and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) for surveillance flights over